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Politicizing the COVID-19 pandemic: ideological differences in adherence to social distancing. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following statements about federal student loans is TRUE? Those that do will save more than $1,000 a year. The third item of the Schwartz test was therefore left out of the calculation of the numeracy score for all countries. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Choosing not to acquire information about COVID-19 from social media may thus reduce the amount of unofficial information that people receive, which in turn could reduce belief in misinformation. Ofcom. We added these questions to the USA, Spanish, Mexican and second UK survey (conducted in May); see electronic supplementary material, table S2. Most borrowers use student loans to finance high-value investments. Analytic-thinking predicts hoax beliefs and helping behaviors in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Conspiracy beliefs, chloroquine, and the rejection of vaccination: a conceptual replication-extension in the COVID-19 pandemic context. In reality, it does not. A.L.J.F., G.R. An official website of the United States government. 2020. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. For new loans in 2019, 57% owed more than originally Learn how to make your payments on time while keeping the cost manageable. Covid conspiracies and confusions: the impact on compliance with the UK's lockdown rules and the link with social media use Furthermore, there appear to be minimal differences over time in terms of the average susceptibility to COVID-19 misinformation: as figure1 shows, the average perceived reliability of misinformation about the virus did not significantly change between April and May in the UK (Mdiff However, although the direction is consistent, we did not find this association in the USA and in the UK, which is surprising given that right-leaning outlets were more likely to spread misinformation about COVID-19 in the early stages of the pandemic [64]. Numeracy skills are defined as the broad ability to process basic numerical concepts and are often related to improved accuracy in judgement and decision-making across a wide range of domains [38]. It is worth noting that the construct of numeracy does not merely measure mathematical ability but captures the ability of individuals to understand and use quantitative information more broadly [38] and is associated with a propensity to apply a more system 2-reliant mode of critical thinking [37]. Roozenbeek J, van der Linden S, Nygren T. Colleges can convincingly object that they dont control their students lives after graduation and would be penalized for enrolling needier students. van der Bles AM, van der Linden S, Freeman ALJ, Mitchell J, Galvao AB, Zaval L, Spiegelhalter D. [41] found that beliefs in conspiracies about the virus are associated with a propensity to reject information from expert authorities, raising concerns about the potential for popular conspiracy theories to reduce people's willingness to comply with public health guidance. Student loans last reviewed: NOV 17, 2022 What is Public Service Loan Forgiveness? Female, Black and Latino borrowers had increasing balances until the repayment pause came into effect. This result follows a similar pattern as participants' performance on the numeracy task across these five countries, which may explain the variation (see electronic supplementary material, table S5). In the context of COVID-19, a recent analysis of the most viewed coronavirus YouTube videos found that over 25% of the top videos contained misleading information and totalled 62 million views worldwide [12]. = 2.31, s.d.April Nonetheless, we cannot rule out alternative explanations. We include a variety of robustness checksincluding models with robust standard errorsin the supplement. In addition, researchers have noted several important motivational drivers as predictors of belief in misinformation: lower trust in science and scientists [1821], lower trust in journalists and the mainstream media [22], lower trust in government [2325], as well as the role of political ideology, specifically conservatism [7,2630]. Which Resource Would Not Have Reliable Information About Student Loans Student Loan Debt And No Degree: A Crisis For Millions Of Borrowers All data are available in the manuscript or the supplementary materials, and have been uploaded to the OSF: https://osf.io/jnu74/. London, UK: The Policy Institute, King's College; = 1.32) [44], but not for the three combined factual and ambiguous statements ( = 0.35), so we report these separately. 5 takeaways from Supreme Court's student loan relief decision : NPR In terms of demographics, being older has generally been associated with higher susceptibility to misinformation [7,9,10]. Lewandowsky S, Gignac GE, Oberauer K. The site is secure. Overall, we find that the majority of people in the countries we surveyed do not report finding misinformation about COVID-19 credible, consistent with research on the spread of fake news in other contexts [710]. Finally, being exposed to information about the virus on social media is significantly associated with higher susceptibility to misinformation in Ireland, the UK and the USA. Swami V, Coles R, Stieger S, Pietschnig J, Furnham A, Rehim S, Voracek M. To measure participants' belief in misinformation about COVID-19, we presented them with nine statements about the virus, six of which represent common examples of health-related and political misinformation (e.g. = 700) and Mexico (n After a borrower defaults, the servicer transfers the loan to the Department of Education, which generally reassigns it to a private agency to collect the debt. 1. Don't Trust These Sources For Reliable Information About Student Loans Priming critical thinking: simple interventions limit the influence of fake news about climate change on Facebook. Author for correspondence: Sander van der Linden e-mail: Electronic supplementary material is available online at. How long do you have to repay student loans? Notwithstanding these limitations, we offer the first large-scale comparative study of predictors of susceptibility to misinformation about COVID-19 and its link to preventative health behaviours. 2013 was the first year when a single loan cohort had more than half their student loans carrying a balance greater than originally borrowed. Having said this, it is unlikely that, for example, rating misinformation as more reliable causes lower numeracy; it is more likely that lower numeracy, representing, perhaps, a low propensity to engage in effortful system 2 type critical thinking, contributes to higher susceptibility to misinformation. For example, being politically right-wing and self-perceived minority status do not appear to suffer from multi-collinearity. 2019. For brand new loans in 2022, only 4.5% that were privately Allen J, Howland B, Mobius M, Rothschild D, Watts DJ. Substantial segments rated this item above the midpoint of the scale (57), indicating that they find this conspiracy reliable, from about 2223% in the UK and the USA, to 26% in Ireland, to about 33% and 37% in Mexico and Spain, respectively (see electronic supplementary material, table S8). The Biden administration is searching for a new way forward. This situation is the fruit of a tacit agreement among state legislatures, college administrators and the federal government dating back to the 1970s: defund public colleges and universities and shift them to a tuition-based revenue model, with the federal government backstopping the system with student debt so that more students can continue to obtain more expensive education. All samples were balanced on national quotas for age and gender and obtained from Respondi, an ISO-certified panel provider of digital online data for public opinion research. We conducted a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the six-item misinformation index as the dependent variable as well as a Tukey's HSD pairwise comparison to determine whether there is a significant difference in the perceived reliability of misinformation between countries. which can relegate the neediest students to the least-resourced institutions. The polarizing impact of science literacy and numeracy on perceived climate change risks. 2014. Roozenbeek J, Maertens R, McClanahan W, van der Linden S. What Is the Average Student Loan Payment? - U.S. News = 700), conducted between mid-April and early May of 2020, and two separate surveys in the UK (n = 1050 and n = 1.34) when compared with Ireland (M In addition, while some research is available on the relation between COVID-19 misinformation and key public health behaviours [21,40], existing studies have been criticized for using low-quality convenience samples [46] and a systematic evaluation of how false beliefs about the virus can affect vaccination-related behaviours and compliance with health guidance measures is currently lacking [47]. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, GUID:BE582835-C5CF-4E49-BCD3-E9F1D2D9C65F, GUID:B3A4719A-76C9-4F91-8BEE-483FD9AC2B46, COVID-19, misinformation, fake news, vaccine hesitancy. 2020. Strikingly, however, in all countries, the misinformation statement deemed most reliable was the claim that the coronavirus was engineered in a laboratory in Wuhan (Mpooled = 3.26, s.d. Misinformation about COVID-19 is a major threat to public health. What is a good student loan interest rate? - CBS News 11This effect is not significant in Mexico and Spain, but we note the low number of people who indicate not receiving news about COVID-19 on social media, especially in Mexico (n = 30), as well as the relatively large confidence intervals around these estimates. Logistic regression model for Would you get vaccinated against COVID-19 (y/n) by country. As the White Firm has been suggesting for many months, Biden opted to cancel $10,000 in educatee debt for debtors who make nether $125,000 a year. [52])5 and whether they have come across information about COVID-19 from the WHO and social media (both yes/no). Sallie Mae Undergraduate Student Loan 4.5 NerdWallet rating Min. First, although we report robust associations across different cultural contexts in large national samples, we cannot infer causality. Communicating uncertainty about facts, numbers and science, Trust in scientific experts on obesity: implications for awareness and behavior change. Notably, Black and Latino borrowers had more loans with increasing balances before the pause; they benefit disproportionately while it remains in effect. Importantly, it should be noted that in these studies, the context is different (politics versus health, e.g. Basol M, Roozenbeek J, van der Linden S. 2011. When the pause ends in September, balances are expected to trend back toward the 2019 plateau. Navigate the student loan repayment process with confidence: make payments, change repayment plans, explore options, and get help. It just means the higher education system gets to take a larger slice of a workers lifetime earnings on the front end. 14We note that we cannot disentangle the causal direction of effects in this study. Discover Student Loans - Parent Loan. Following prior research [17], we included numeracy in the current study. 10The pooled sample contains both the April and May UK surveys. 10+ Student Loan Forgiveness Programs That Discharge Loans Reliability judgements of the six-item misinformation scale about COVID-19 (17 Likert) by country. Below are some of the best student loan rates available as of July 14, 2023. The group with increasing balances shrank enormously during the repayment pause. Electronic supplementary material, table S3 provides a detailed overview of the exact wording for all variables and items used. In summary, while belief in misinformation about COVID-19 is not held by a majority of people in any country that we examined, specific misinformation claims are consistently deemed reliable by a substantial segment of the public and pose a potential risk to public health. Credible Student Loans Review 2023 - Investopedia See, BBC News. All with zero fees and a 0.25% interest rate reduction while enrolled in automatic payments. Taken together, these results demonstrate a clear link between susceptibility to misinformation and both vaccine hesitancy and a reduced likelihood to comply with health guidance measures, and suggest that interventions which aim to improve critical thinking and trust in science may be a promising avenue for future research. Ascent is an online student loan lender based out of San Diego, California. We thus find support for weak measurement invariance and, in line with Putnick & Bornstein's [59] recommendation, proceed with the analysis and interpret this as a minor limitation to our study. Ways You Can Still Cancel Your Federal Student Loan Debt Those proposals cling to the idea that the labor market is where the value of an education is ultimately determined. The .gov means its official. That is an exclusionary vision that seeks to return higher education to its pre-G.I. Electronic supplementary material, table S1 shows the exact wording of all items in full. Depending on the platform and length of the survey, respondents were paid between 1.00 and 1.90 for a 2025 minute survey.2 Electronic supplementary material, table S2 lists the samples' demographic composition by country. It will impact you credit score and the credit score of the parents or guardian who cosigned with you. We encourage future research to investigate potential feedback loops between information and behaviour, and disentangle the direction of causality using non-recursive, longitudinal or experimental data. 2020. Laura Beamer is the lead higher education finance researcher at the Jain Family Institute. designed the instrument. Wage stagnation is a long-running phenomenon that worsened after the Great Recession. Bronstein MM, Pennycook G, Bear A, Rand DG, Cannon T. We thank all participants for their time and input. Reach Financial offers personal loans from $3,500 to $40,000 with repayment terms ranging from two to five years. Loans that previously had increasing balances instead held steady, while some borrowers continued to pay down their debt. You see real prequalified rates for loans that are available to you with no impact to your credit score. Before 2020. Ofcom: Covid-19 5G theories are most common misinformation Private student loans. Finally, to examine the relation between susceptibility to COVID-19 misinformation and compliance with health guidance measures, we conducted an OLS linear regression with health guidance compliance as the dependent variable, misinformation susceptibility as the independent variable, and age, gender, education level, political ideology, self-perceived minority status, numeracy score and trust in scientists as control variables. Although we have sought to include variables that are known to be important factors in shaping people's belief in misinformation in our models, we note that these results are exploratory and correlational. We also measured participants' numeracy level, which was calculated as the total score on three different numeracy tests: the three-item Schwartz test [49], the adaptive three-item Berlin test [50] and the answer to the following question: What represents the highest chance of something happening: 1 in 10, 1 in 1000, or 1 in 100 (modified from item 1 of Wright et al. The figure shows that misinformation about the coronavirus is seen as relatively unreliable by a large majority of participants in all countries (Mpooled = 2.46, s.d. conceptualized the study. Evaluating the fake news problem at the scale of the information ecosystem, Less than you think: prevalence and predictors of fake news dissemination on Facebook, The online competition between pro- and anti-vaccination views. The pandemic repayment pause changed the game, causing balances that had been increasing over the prior decade to start to fall. = 700), we examine predictors of belief in the most common statements about the virus that contain misinformation. 2018. Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response, World Health Organization. At any rate, we caution against oversimplifying these findings, especially as we were unable to control for several other potentially important factors such as income or religiosity [34]. He received a total- and permanent-disability discharge, but she still has a . Higher trust that politicians can effectively tackle the COVID-19 crisis predicts higher susceptibility to misinformation in Mexico, Spain and the USA. No, it is not easy. But this system has been breaking down. Its time for a change of course. Student Loan Interest Rates: Federal, Private, Refinancing Read on to discover the importance of using credible sources when seeking information about student loans and how it can help you make informed decisions while avoiding scams or fraudulent activities associated with . These divergent trajectories are due to structural inequalities in the labor market, which disadvantaged workers try to overcome with increased educational attainment. To get a handle on the student debt crisis, the government will eventually have to redesign its relationship with American higher education. Regardless of what happens after the scheduled resumption of payments in September and to the Biden administrations plans for partial student debt forgiveness after the Supreme Courts ruling in June, we predict that most of the outstanding balances not to mention the roughly $100 billion in new loans issued every year wont ever be repaid. Table2 shows the results of the OLS linear regression with compliance with health guidance as the dependent variable. = 0.01); see electronic supplementary material, table S6. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. = 1150), Ireland (n = 700), the USA (n = 700), Spain (n We averaged scores on the six misinformation items into an overall index. FOIA A.L.J.F., S.v.d.L., J.R., S.D., C.R.S., G.R., J.K. and A.M.v.d.B. Wright AJ, Whitwell SCL, Takeichi C, Hankins M, Marteau TM. In terms of general predictors, the model controls for age, political ideology, self-perceived minority status, education, performance on numeracy tasks, trust in scientists, trust in government and trust in journalists. In 2022, recent borrowers were still benefiting from the pause. Many borrowers will not have to make monthly payments under this plan. The link between distinct conspiracy beliefs about the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak and pandemic behavior, Duffy B, Allington D. Nonetheless, notable segments in all countries find misinformation reliable. First, higher trust in scientists is associated with lower belief in misinformation in all countries. Additionally, in order to examine the effects of susceptibility to misinformation about COVID-19 on self-reported behaviour, we look at two measures that are of key importance to the success of a country's approach to tackling the crisis. You can customize your monthly payment amount to make sure it fits within your budget, and the lender says that 90% of its loans are funded within one day. These rates include discounts for autopay. To measure whether belief in misinformation about COVID-19 can be seen as a monological belief system, we calculated the Pearson's correlation coefficient between the perceived reliability of six common misinformation statements about COVID-19 (see electronic supplementary material, table S1 for the full list of items). Best for: Customizable monthly payments. older people are more vulnerable to COVID-19), and the variable of interest is often sharing of fake news, which we did not measure here. Meanwhile, more than 15 million adults aged 65+ are classed as economically insecure, with incomes below 200% of the federal poverty level. Student Loans and Bankruptcy: What to Know We also investigate the prevalence of belief in COVID-19 misinformation across different countries and the role of belief in such misinformation in predicting relevant health behaviours. 21 April Health-protective behaviour, social media usage and conspiracy belief during the COVID-19 public health emergency. Predictors of susceptibility to misinformation, pooled and by country. Republicans in Congress have proposed limits to federal loans, barring students from the system once their balances reach a certain threshold. Manage Loans borrowed. C) You can only get federal student loans if you demonstrate financial need. We find that while public belief in misinformation about COVID-19 is not particularly common, a substantial proportion views this type of misinformation as highly reliable in each country surveyed. Measuring risk literacy: the Berlin Numeracy Test. Predictors of compliance with health guidance, pooled and by country. (Shutterstock) In 1862, President Abraham Lincoln signed the Land Grant College Act into law, laying the groundwork for the largest system of publicly funded universities in the world. In this study, we investigate susceptibility to coronavirus-related misinformation and its influence on key health-related behaviours in large national surveys in Ireland (n = 700), the USA (n = 700), Spain (n Next, we investigated whether susceptibility to COVID-19 misinformation predicts compliance with common health guidelines. This effect is not significant in Ireland and the UK. If you click on links we provide, we may receive compensation.. Which Resource Would Not Have Reliable Information about Student Loans? Fake news on Twitter during the 2016 U.S. presidential election, Social media and fake news in the 2016 election. Although some literature finds that higher numeracy facilitates rather than protects against motivated cognition [37], our findings are consistent with a large literature which finds that reflective and analytical thinking are consistently associated with reduced susceptibility to misinformation [33,34,69].