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The battles of Turner's Gap, Fox's Gap and Crampton's Gap were all fought on September 14th, 1862 as Union General George McClellan's Army of the Potomac closed in on General Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. As Hooker noted, the mountain was difficult to ascend even in the absence of a foe in front. Lees men may have been outnumbered, but at Frosttown, Turners, and Foxs Gaps, they did enjoy a strong defensive position. Please try again. What are some of your favorite places to visit at South Mountain? South Mountain | SpringerLink In September 1862, Robert E. Lee led the Army of Northern Virginia north of the Potomac River for the time as part of his Northern invasion, seeking a quick end to the war. [8], Leicester formed his army over a deep, narrow way, with the elevation where the Dutch were entrenched behind. I have been to the site so I was able to put myself right beside my grandfather as we charged up the mountain. Now his army was scattered around western Maryland. Battle of South Mountain Turner's Gap Fox's Gap Crampton's Gap. Over 600,000 people were killed over the course of the war, about 500 people per day. South Mountain Other Name: Crampton's Gap, Turner's Gap, Fox's Gap Campaign: Maryland Campaign Date (s): September 1862 Principal Commanders: Major General George McClellan [US] Major General Robert Lee [CS] Forces Engaged: 0 total (US 0; CS 0;) Estimated Casualties: 4625 total (US 2325; CS 2300;) Description: NOTE: THE HARDCOVER FALLS APART DURING READING - THE CHEAP GLUE BINDING BREAKS IN TWO. Anderson, in command at the difficult-to-defend Fort Moultrie on Sullivan Island across the harbor from Charleston, began asking the War Department for reinforcements and making plans to move his men to one of the fortifications on more secure islands in the harborCastle Pinckney closer to Charleston or the unfinished Fort Sumter near the harbors entrance. The day-long battle, it turned out, gave the Confederates just time enough . I have long enjoyed visiting Foxs Gap and standing at the Reno Monument, which marks the spot where the beloved commander of the Ninth Corps received his death wound. Be sure also to stop on by the Visitor Center. When Farnese moved to Brussels to spend the winter there, the Earl of Leicester continued the siege of Zutphen. Reportedly, Hough was buried at the fort, but that has not been proven. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. South Mountain is the northern extension of the Blue Ridge Mountain range in Maryland and Pennsylvania. The Civil War had begun. And South Mountain, which divided Maryland from north to south, provided a defensive wall that would allow a small rear guard to shelter Lees other operations. All-encompassing sectional differences on the issue of slavery . What motivated you to write an account of this battle? Reno's now shattered command recrossed the Little Bighorn River and struggled up steep bluffs to regroup atop high ground to the east of the valley fight. Special events and programs are currently being planned for the Sesquicentennial Commemoration of the battle. Using your mobile phone camera - scan the code below and download the Kindle app. However, the brutal fighting that occurred on Sunday, September 14, 1862, is worthy of standing alone as an example of courage from both defenders and attackers. Otherwise, Lee would have withdrawn from Maryland. In 1585, Queen Elizabeth I of England took the United Provinces of the Netherlands under her protection and signed the Treaty of Nonsuch with the States-General. Battle of Fort Sumter: Facts, Dates, and Information - HistoryNet Civil War | Battlefield Antietam Battlefield Sharpsburg, MD 3 Heritage Site Antietam National Battleifeld Battle at South Mountain - The Historical Marker Database Because of the terrain and because the battle was so spread outI like to say the battle was fought on three islands, separated by miles from one anotherit is also sometimes difficult to get a sense of the entirety of the action. Interpretive waysides along the trail explain the late afternoon fighting at Cramptons Gap, as Howell Cobbs brigade tried to stop the Union advance up the mountain. Yes, there were several missed opportunities, especially early on September 15. Elliott Sternbergh Carlisle, PA, Reviewed in the United States on March 21, 2014. i got this book for genealogical purposes. On September 14, 1862, the badly outnumbered rear guard of Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia fought to hold three passes through Maryland's South Mountain against George McClellan's Army of the Potomac. [5], On receiving news of the siege, Farnese dispatched the governor of Friesland, Francisco Verdugo, to Borculo with 400 infantry and two cavalry companies, and Verdugo's lieutenant Johann Baptista von Taxis to Zutphen with 600 infantry and two cavalry companies. My passion is the the Civil War. Each year the battlefield holds interpretive events that discuss the battle. Two museums explore the literary career of George Alfred Townsend and War Correspondents, and the Battle of South Mountain. [29] For many years it was common among Spaniards and Netherlanders to call a hard-fought action "as warm as the fight of Zutphen". [7] They finally left the mountain near today's Caledonia State Park between Chambersburg and Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. It was his subordinates, instead, who let him down. A messenger from Custer previously had delivered a written communication to Benteen that stated, "Come on. In the sort of twist of fate that would happen frequently during the war, Beauregard had been one of Andersons artillery students at West Point. [13] On 21 September Farnese sent a letter to Verdugo commanding him to leave Zutphen with 1,000 men, meet the convoy, and deliver it to the town. The battle took place on April 12 and 13, 1861. Our FREE Virtual Teacher Institute is the can't miss online educator event of the summer. The War Correspondents Memorial, constructed by Townsend after the war, stands at the park entrance. Yes, I do think he moved much more aggressively during the first stages of the Maryland Campaign than is typically and traditionally described. Sergeant Eugene Beauge of Company G, 45th Pennsylvania in his later years. Anderson, under orders to fire only in defense, could only watch as the ship was turned back. Reviewed in the United States on October 28, 2021. Map of the position at Turner's Gap. South Mountain. Lee was not concerned at what would normally be considered a dangerous dispersion of his forces. Visiting - Maryland Department of Natural Resources As the carters fled at the beginning of the fight, the Spanish arquebusiers had to take their places and brought the wagons towards Zutphen. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. Please enable scripts and reload this page. Following the refusal, Beauregard was asked to assess how long it would be before Anderson would run out of food and be forced to surrender, so just after midnight on April 12, the envoys arrived back at the Fort. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. Most of the English gains were negated when, months later, the English governors of Deventer and Zutphen's sconce defected to the Spanish ranks and handed over their places to Farnese. On September 8, Lee wrote to Jefferson Davis from Frederick that as far as he knew the Union army was still gathering in the defenses of Washington. Eventually, Reno ordered a second retreat, this time to the bluffs east of the river. Every purchase supports the mission. What was the solider experience like at this battle? The Battle of Fort Sumter was the first battle of the American Civil War. It is the unusual which impresses. It also analyzed reviews to verify trustworthiness. Despite his reputation for the opposite, your account really shows Union general George McClellan as an aggressive and vigilant leader. Armed with this knowledge, he moved faster than Lee expected. There is no visitor center, but information on the battle is located at the Washington Monument State Park museum, 6620 Zittlestown Road in Middletown, Maryland. Early September 1862 witnessed some of the darkest days the United States would experience during the entirety of the war; spirits were low both in the army and on the home front following a lamentable summers worth of defeats, and with two Federal armies driven into the safety of Washingtons formidable defenses. 191, the Army of the Potomac was already halfway between Washington and Frederick. This is one example of the aggressiveness, if you will, of McClellans orders for September 14, for in order for Franklin to carry out these instructions, he had to first leave the Sixth Corpss bivouac site at Buckeyestown, march no less than thirteen miles, across the Catoctin Mountains, battle their way through Cramptons Gap at South Mountain, then turn south, destroy McLaws and then turn around, and move north to assist Burnside. McClellan wanted him to push south through the Valley and destroy McLawss isolated command; doing so, would have lifted the siege and may have led to the destruction of a full twenty percent of Lees army. [3] Commanding untrained and badly paid levies, Leicester was unable to prevent the Army of Flanders under Alessandro Farnese, from seizing the towns of Grave, Venlo and Neuss, though he managed to take Axel. Date: September 29, 1862 Donor: Dan and Linda Fout Description: John and Allen Lovejoy's regiment was held in reserve during the Battle of South Mountain and they were stationed in Burkittsville to assist in the field hospitals. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Help Save 125 Battlefield Acres in Virginia, Help Restore History at Gettysburg, Cold Harbor & More, Help Us Save Hallowed Ground in Tennessee and Kentucky, Help Save 820 Acres at Five Virginia Battlefields, Save 343 Acres at FIVE Battlefields in FOUR Western Theater States, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Support the American Battlefield Protection Program Enhancement Act, Stop the Largest Rezoning in Orange County History, "The Battle of South Mountain" is available from our Civil War Trust-Amazon Bookstore, The Pivotal Moment of the Maryland Campaign: The Case for South Mountain. Battles Crampton's Gap Maryland Campaign: Battle of South Mountain, September 14, 1862 At the southernmost point of the battle, near Burkittsville, Confederate cavalry and a small portion of Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws 's division defended Brownsville Pass and Crampton's Gap. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. During the secession crisis that followed President Abraham Lincolns election in November 1860, many threats were made to Federal troops occupying forts in the South. Information reported to the hotline in the past has helped to eliminate certain fraudulent activities and protect State resources. What followed was basically a siege of Fort Sumter, with supplies and communication controlled by Pickens. South Mountain Battlefield - American Battlefield Trust The day-long battle, it turned out, gave the Confederates just time enough. [38] With the loss of Deventer and Zutphen's sconce, the Spanish were able to levy war contributions in the provinces of Utrecht, Overijssel and Gelderland. Therefore, he left some troops blockading Rheinberg and marched to relieve the town. The intense fighting along Antietam Creek has long obscured the . He arrived on the bluffs in time to meet Reno's demoralized survivors. Desperate rear guard fighting resulted at the three passes over South Mountain: Cramptons Gap, Turners Gap and Foxs Gap. The English and Dutch prepared an ambush, in which many English knights and noblemen were involved. The Battle of South Mountain: The History of the Civil War Battle that . There is virtually no commercial or any other kind of development there, so in that sense at least little has changed. In the end McClellan would not move fast enough. Facts. The South Mountain Battlefield features some of the most interesting topography of any Civil War battlefield. Discord: A bitter feud between Generals John Gibbon and Joshua Owen, Hidden Heroes: News on the Run J.R. McClanahan and The Moving Appeal, Confederate: Brigadier General P.G.T. Please enable JavaScript on your browser to best view this site. This left this third of the battle lost relative to the others. The Lincoln administration left the question of war up to the Confederates, which would be determined by whether or not they fired on the Federal supply ship and the fort, which the Federals did not intend to give up. Some, such as D.H. Hill, Robert Rodes, Alfred Colquitt, and Samuel Garland, turned in fine performances, while others, such as Roswell Ripley and even Paul Semmes did not. After viewing product detail pages, look here to find an easy way to navigate back to pages you are interested in. Join us online July 24-26! Reviewed in Canada on November 12, 2012. Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. [23] Twice more the English charged upon the squadron, but they were as well repelled. This book not only came in good time (about 3 days) and not like book rate. The following morning a war council was held after a captured Scottish officer was interrogated and revealed Leicester's plans and strength. McClellan learned of the Confederate evacuation of Frederick and picked up the pace of the Federal pursuit so that by the evening of September 12, his leading forces were arriving in the Maryland city. JH: At its most basic level, the Army of the Potomac was attempting to force its way across the mountain in order to carry out George McClellans instructions of cutting the enemy in two and beating him in detail. Lees forces, on the other hand, were simply trying to prevent this from happening. As news of the relief expedition percolated through the Confederate government, Beauregard was instructed to demand the forts surrender and fire on it if surrender was refused. Later in the morning, the barracks caught fire and many of his men had to be used as a fire crew. Kudos to John D. Hoptak for his excellent contribution in shedding additional light on this long overlooked battle. Call (301) 791-4767 before planning your visit. One can also get a sense of the difficulty in maintaining orderly formations, because of the ground, because of the confusion of battle, and so on. Top subscription boxes right to your door, 1996-2023, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates, Part of: Civil War Sesquicentennial Series (53 books), Learn more how customers reviews work on Amazon. [2] It was the first invasion of the Northern United States by a Confederate Army. Later, during the battle, the road was used by thousands of Confederate troops sent to defend Foxs Gap. Large numbers of warriors approaching from that direction forced the cavalry to withdraw to Reno Hill where the Indians held them under siege from the afternoon of June 25, until dusk on June 26. Crow Agency, [11] As this food was carried to Borculo, a large convoy was formed to resupply Zutphen. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. As commander of the right wing, Army of the Potomac, Burnside orchestrated an impressive double-envelopment of the Confederate position on the mountaintop, with Renos Ninth Corps attacking the Confederate right and Hookers men striking at the Confederate left, while John Gibbons famed black hat brigade probing the middle. This historical marker was erected by Maryland Civil War Trails. Of course, McClellan could not know where Lee was headed, but nonetheless did a good job in organizing the pursuit. Oops! He was informed that was not soon enough, firing would began at 4:30 a.m. After a signal gun was fired, Virginia fire-eater Edmund Ruffin, who had campaigned relentlessly through the 1850s for states rights, slavery, and secession, was given the honor of firing the first shot at Fort Sumter. Who he fought with and who were his commanders and why they made the decisions they did. The Battle of South Mountain by John David Hoptak 5.0 Paperback $21.99 Hardcover $32.99 Paperback $21.99 eBook $13.49 View All Available Formats & Editions Ship This Item Qualifies for Free Shipping Unavailable for pickup at B&N Skokie Village Crossing Check Availability at Nearby Stores Instant Purchase The Estate of English Fugitives under the King of Spain and his ministers. Antietam Battle Facts and Summary | American Battlefield Trust Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, was appointed as the Governor-General of the Netherlands and sent there in command of an English army to support the Dutch rebels. I purchased this book after reading an absolutely glowing online review. Although initially told that Anderson was not surrendering, Wigfall was able to negotiate a surrender. South of the Potomac River in Virginia, the ridge continues as Short Hill Mountain for about 12 miles (19km) before subsiding near the town of Hillsboro. And he had been given the greatest gift a general could hope for: a copy of Lees dispositions and intentions, the infamous Lost Order. It is also my understanding that more than 100 acres of important battlefield ground has recently been acquired by the Battlefield, mostly in the areas to the north of Bolivar, where Meades division of Pennsylvania Reserves formed their attack against Rodess Alabamians. [15][16] York had served for some years in the Dutch States Army before being imprisoned on charges of pretending to surrender Dendermonde to the Spanish. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 57,000 acres in 25 states! As instructed by Custer, Major Reno crossed the river about two miles south of the village and began advancing downstream toward its southern end. Box 39 "As I pulled my triggerthe line from Shakespeare's Tempest flitted across my brain: Hell is empty and all the devils are here." In the afternoon, they spotted the three ships flying the US flag just outside the harbor and thought they would be resupplied during the night, not realizing that the ships were actually on their way to Fort Pickens in Pensacola, Florida. We're available on the following channels. South Mountain during the Gettysburg Campaign - Emmitsburg The Battle of South Mountain was fought on September 14, 1862 in Maryland's South Mountain between Confederate and Union forces. The same can be said when I travel to Burkittsville and travel along Mountain Church Road, where the main Confederate line defending Cramptons Gap was positioned. This action was NOT a mere "foot note" to Antietam. In many cases, especially at Frosttown and Cramptons Gaps, the fighting bogged down into small unit actions, with squads of victory-flushed Union soldiers advancing ahead of others, with Confederates retreating pell-mell up the mountain slopes; all was confusion, all was chaos. Shortly after, Pickens allowed the evacuation of 45 women and children to provide some measure of relief. Subscribe to the American Battlefield Trust's quarterly email series of curated stories for the curious-minded sort! [35] Stanley's and York's appointments were met with suspicion by the Dutch States, because Stanley was openly Catholic and York a man of dissolute character. Book: The Battle of South Mountain | American Battlefield Trust "Don't Care a Damn!" - The 45th Pennsylvania at the Battle of South By January 20, the food shortage had become acute enough that Pickens was under criticism from moderates and sent food to the fort, which was refused by Anderson. The South Carolina-born Longstreet had a long military career that included combat in Mexico and against the . The most comprehensive and authoritative history site on the Internet. Tour Antietam and Vicinity in Three Days - American Battlefield Trust The Gathland State Park's museum is only open seasonally. An effort was made to locate Custer after heavy gunfire was heard downstream. Following his stunning victory at Second Bull Run, Lee invaded the North for the first time. The monument was also used as a Union signal station during the Civil War. Note the American Battlefield Trust website has great maps to assist you. There was little time for setting up proper defenses and becoming familiar with the terrain. At about 1 p.m. the flagstaff was shot away and the flag was raised on the ramparts on a makeshift staff. There was a problem loading your book clubs. When the garrison stayed put, however, threatening his rear, Lee issued Special Orders No. The violent conclusion of the Civil War, however, was decades in the making. You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. The locations of roads and buildings, many identified by owner, are included. Reviewed in the United States on March 15, 2011. Antietam, South Mountain, and Harpers Ferry: A Battlefield Guide (This Hallowed Ground: Guides to Civil War Battlefields), Confrontation at Gettysburg: A Nation Saved, A Cause Lost (Civil War Series), Before Antietam: The Battle for South Mountain, Unholy Sabbath: The Battle of South Mountain in History and Memory, September 14, 1862, The Battle of Antietam: The Bloodiest Day (Civil War Series), Your recently viewed items and featured recommendations, No Import Fees Deposit & $10.97 Shipping to Netherlands. Length - about .6 miles. [14] Persuaded by one of his confidants, Captain Rowland York, he prepared an ambush. Reviewed in the United States on July 24, 2011, My great, great, great Grandfather was Thomas Foster Gallagher Colonel (PA 11th Volunteers). Halfway through, one of the guns discharged prematurely, killing Private Daniel Hough, who had emigrated to the U.S. from Ireland in 1849, and mortally wounding Private Edward Galloway. South Mountain battlefield not just for Civil War buffs And these fields need to be preserved and the story of what happened there needs to be known. The conflict of the 14th of September, 1862, is called at the North the battle of South Mountain, and at the South the battle of Boonsboro. Assembling on a high promontory (Weir Point) a mile and a half north of Reno's position, the troops could see clouds of dust and gun smoke covering the battlefield. This very detailed map shows South Mountain, Turner's and Fox's gaps, and their relationships to Boonsboro and Frost town, Md. There are some portions of it that are a little difficult to navigate. HOWEVER THE PAPERBACK IS HIGH QUALITY. [11] While the siege continued, he marched to Lingen with his army to intercept a corps of reiters who were being recruited in Germany under Elizabeth I's orders.