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Histological observations of the annual change in the gonad of the starfish, Asterias amurensis. Castilla, J. C., 1971. Changes in the abundance of these predators can have far-reaching consequences on the population characteristics of many of the invertebrates on which they prey [11]. PDF Feeding rate and duration of daily activity of <Emphasis - Springer Marc Baeta. Bentez-Villalobos F, Martnez-Garca M. Reproductive biology of the starfish Pharia pyramidatus (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from the Mexican tropical Pacific. Interagency Taxonomic Information System. 1968;19:97108. This cone acts like a sense organ. Daz JI, Maldonado A. Transgressive sand bodies on the Maresme continental-shelf, western Mediterranean-sea. ISBN 0-412-43280-3. xxvi, 794 pp. . Chapman & Hall. Roberto Pillon (2009). Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. A., Muntz, L. & Pratt, V. M., 1966. Research proceedings of the 5th European conference on echinoderms. Ribi G, Scharer R, Ochsner P. Stomach contents and size-frequency distributions of two coexisting sea star species, Astropecten aranciacus and A. bispinosus, with reference to competition. The mode of dislocation of Astropecten aranciacus - BioMed Central The strip between 30 and 50m depth is not covered by these fishing boats in their daily activities. Part of Oocytes of Astropecten aranciacus, a common species native to the Mediterranean Sea and the East Atlantic, have long been used as an experimental model to study meiotic maturation, fertilization,. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. A total of 312 individuals were collected from nearshore (87 females, 89 males and 136 immature) and 253 individuals from offshore (135 females, 116 males and 2 immature). Revison version. Results showed that both A. aranciacus sexes had a synchronous gametogenesis but females reached the maturity stage slightly earlier than males, in accordance with previous results obtained in Asterias amurensis by Byrne et al. Santella L, Limatola L, Thai Chun J. McClary DJ, Mladenov PV. Echinoderms: San Francisco proceedings of the ninth international echinoderm conference. Early in the growing stage, spermatogenic columns were projected into the central lumen and filled almost the totality of the volume; the gonadal wall began to shrink. Summary. Echinodermen aus dem antarktischen Meere und zwei neue Seeigel von den Papua-Inseln, gesammelt auf der Reise S.M.S. Gonads were cut into 4-m sections and stained in Lees methylene blue-basic fuchsin. The central surface of both disc and arms is smooth. Foraging behaviors of sea stars, Marthasterias glacialis and The study was performed between March 2010 and February 2011 on the Maresme coast (northwestern Mediterranean Sea). In general the reproductive cycles of sea stars are correlated with a combination of endogenous (i.e., hormones) and exogenous factors (i.e., temperature, photoperiod, food availability, lunar cycle, tidal flux and light intensity) [33]. Nojima S. Ecological studies of the sea star Astropecten latespinosus Meissner II. Clark, A. M.; Downey, M. E. (1992). Light appears to be an important factor governing the activity pattern. Echinoderm Studies. 3: 225-347. t 1977;43:1815. Astropecten aranciacus (Linnaeus 1758) inhabits the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern Atlantic from Portugal to Angola, including the Canary, Madeira and Cape Verde Islands. Marion KR, Watts SA, McClintock JB, Schimer G, Hopkins TS. Moreover, sea water temperature increased slightly from February to December offshore, coinciding with the period of highest growth rate for those cohorts. t In: Jangoux, M.; Lawrence, J.M. In the study area A. aranciacus feeds mainly on the bivalves Glycymeris glycymeris and Callista chione, together with the gastropod Cyclope neritea between 5 and 30m depth [3]; and almost exclusively on the bivalve Timoclea ovata between 50 and 200m depth [2]. 1982;62:8594. All the A. aranciacus caught, regardless of the gear used, were transported in a cool box (4C) to the laboratory, where they were weighed and measured. The A. aranciacus population studied herein seems to have variable reproductive and recruitment success. European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. The use of different gears to sample both bathymetric ranges in this study may have caused bias collecting small sizes offshore, but no bias for larger sizes in shallow waters could occur. (1996). London, United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited. Privacy 2013;160:278195. The majority of the species of the genus Astropecten have planktonic larvae (bipinnaria). Gonads were fixed in 10% formalin for 24h, cleaned with deionized water and preserved with 70% ethanol. All were small to medium-sized representatives of the species; their radius (R) varied between 5 and 15 cm. Mar Biol. Fish stock assessment: a manual of basic methods. Feeding ecology of three species of Astropecten (Asteroidea) coexisting Astropecten spp. Thorson G. Reproduction and larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates. Inhabits the upper level of sand in coastal areas. The mode of dislocation of the sea star Astropecten aranciacus was investigated on 23 individuals at the NE-coast of Sardinia. New York: Interscience; 1966. p. 75796. Including the stops, the cruising speed varied mostly between 0 and 20 cm/min on fine sand, and between 0 and 10 cm/min on coarse sand. Echinoderms. PESI (Accepted) Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure. The mode of dislocation of the sea starAstropecten aranciacus was investigated on 23 individuals at the NE-coast of Sardinia. Photomicrographs of A. aranciacus ovaries showing different gonadal stages: a Stage I, Recovery; b, c Stage II, Growing; d Stage III, Mature; e Stage IV, Partly Spawned; f Stage V, Spent. European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. A. aranciacus population exhibited a seasonal growth pattern, being higher from June to October in the nearshore cohorts and from February to October in the offshore ones. Helgol Mar Res 70, 1 (2016). Absolute growth has been extensively analyzed in sea stars (see references in Lawrence and Lane [29], but few studies have established growth rates in natural populations of the genus Astropecten [15, 35, 40, 43] (Table1). is the asymptotic length (mm), k is the growth constant (year1), t is the age (year) of the A. aranciacus, and t The trawl net was cone-shaped, with a mouth 4m wide0.5m high and a quadrangular mesh size of 4040mm. We also observed that the beginning of A. aranciacus spawning coincided with the highest Chl a concentration in the sea water, which was caused by the spring phytoplankton bloom typical of the Mediterranean Sea. Daily activity pattern of Astropecten aranciacus (Echinodermata This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. In accordance, mature testes (Stage III) appeared afterward and were observed in some individuals from December to May. Astropecten aranciacus. Spermatogenesis (Stage II) started between August and September and lasted until January, but was dominant between October and December (Fig. 1938;17:221312. Range: London, UK. 1: 824 pp. 3. This is the largest species of Astropecten in the Mediterranean Sea, with a maximum diameter of 55 centimetres (22in), although it usually measures about 30cm (12in). However, investigation of the underlying molecular mechanisms has often been hampered by the . Scale bars 500m. jonstoni were investigated by means of SCUBA diving. The wall was thick and the two gonadal sacs became evident (Fig. Nachher wurden die Wege vermessen. In addition, the influence of exogenous factors such as photoperiod, sea water temperature and chlorophyll (Chl a) concentration on the reproductive biology of the species was also analyzed. Rotterdam: Balkema Press; 1982. p. 33171. Feeding biology of the sea starLuidia sarsi Dben & Koren. All were small to medium-sized representatives of the species; their radius (R) varied between 5 and 15 cm. The size of the smallest sea star with gonads was R=56mm for females and R=55mm for males. PubMed Ventura C, Fernandes F. Bathymetric distribution and population size structure of paxillosid seastars (Echinodermata) in the Cabo Frio upwelling ecosystem of Brazil. 1973;35:25398. Guilherme P, Rosa L. Seasonal variation in body size and diet of the sea star Astropecten marginatus (Paxillosida, Astropectinidae) off coast of Paran, Southern Brazil. Naylor, E., 1958. It is one of the . =205mm, k=0. In a iDigBio Specimen Record | Astropecten americanus Byrne M, Morrice MG, Wolf B. The length of the sea stars was defined as R, major radius length or distance from the center of the oral disk to the tip of the longest arm, and was measured using calipers to the nearest 0.1mm. 7b). 2=0.73), whereas for offshore individuals they were L Astropecten of the Mediterranean Sea, Downloadable WoRMS: Roberto Pillon (2009). Bimonthly size frequency distributions of A. aranciacus collected between November 2009 and October 2012 from Maresme coast. Burla H, Ferlin V, Pabst B, Ribi G. Notes on the ecology of Astropecten aranciacus. Feeding at a daily rate of 1.3% of their dry tissue weight, their food intake was four times higher than that of free-living sea stars. (2001). (Ed.) Natural Environment: Sea stars play an essential ecological role as high-level predators in the structure and function of intertidal and subtidal benthic communities, where they promote heterogeneity and diversity [23]. 2009;156:597610. Though a few spent testes (Stage V) were observed in February 2012, most of the individuals in this reproductive stage were observed from March to August. Sexual reproduction in animals and plants. Histoire naturelle des zoophytes chinodermes : comprenant la description des crinodes, des ophiurides, des astrides, des chinides et des holothurides. Growth and reproductive biology of the sea star, $$\frac{{{\text{Wet}}\,{\text{organ}}\,{\text{weight}}}}{{{\text{Total}}\;{\text{body}}\;{\text{wet}}\;{\text{weight}}}} \times 100$$, https://doi.org/10.1186/s10152-016-0453-z, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Helgolander Wiss. [1] It is native to the east Atlantic Ocean (Portugal to Angola) and the Mediterranean Sea.[1]. Part of Kim YS. They are voracious predators, feeding mainly on gastropods and bivalves. Bhattacharya PK. Ribi G, Burla H, Ochsner P. Beobachtungen ber vorkommen, abundanzen und krpergren von mediterranen arten der gattung Astropecten. The highest PCI values were recorded between March and May 2012 (>4.5%), whereas the lowest were recorded in the summer months (June, July, August 2011, and July, August, September 2012). The black line sea water temperature at 20m (a) and at 80m (b). Magnus, D. B. E., 1963. Studer, T. (1876). 1). The inferomarginal spines have reddish-orange colour at the base and yellowish or white colour towards the tip. They have an intra-oral feeding mechanism, swallowing prey intact [11]. Aspects of asteroid biology. | All pictures | Google image | Astropecten aranciacus. Baeta M, Ramn M. Feeding ecology of three species of Astropecten (Asteroidea) coexisting on shallow sandy bottoms of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Growth and reproductive biology of the sea star Astropecten aranciacus https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02296993. The number of immature individuals was annotated, and all gonads from adults were examined (between 18 and 34 gonads per month). Predation and competition are important biotic interactions influencing populations and communities in marine soft sediments. Biol.14, 235241. The surface sea water temperature (SSWT) at the study site had maximum values in summer months (JulySeptember) and minimum values in winter months (January to March) (Fig. In Astropecten species, breeding season commonly coincides with the increase in water temperatures in temperate areas [15]. 1. aranciacus does not move continuously. The prey is then trapped by the long, moving prickles around the mouth cavity. Press, Cambridge, 495511. EEA Web . Burla H., Ferlin, V., Pabst, B. We are also grateful to all sampling participants: Luca Martnez, Marta Coca, Eduard Albella and Nil Garca. Tortonese E. Echinodermata. 336-351. Astropecten of the Mediterranean Sea, Downloadable WoRMS: Roberto Pillon (2009). 1=papula and paxilla, 2=superomarginal plate, 3=inferomarginal plate, 4=ambulacral plates, 5=adambulacral plate, Astropecten lorioli (extinct, from the Jurassic). 1997;127:67385. a Nearshore (530m depth) and b offshore (50150m depth). The colour of the aboral side is given by a succession of paxillae (from the top they look like round points) with upper extremity red-orange in various combinations with paxillae with upper extremity grey or beige. The five stages that characterize the gonadal development of A. aranciacus are the following: Ovogenesis (Fig. Bull. 1967;38:177087. Lab.2, 213225. Terms and Conditions, Great Barrier Reef Marine Authority Workshop Series; 1993. p. 2135. The continental shelf has a mean width of 21km and a gradient of between 0.01 and 10, with the shelf break occurring at 13020m [14]. Your US state privacy rights, The gonadal wall consisted of two-sac structures (the inner and the outer sacs) separated by the genital celom, which is typical for asteroids. 336-351. Astropecten (Fam. (Linnaeus, 1758) Comb star. The three species generally showed two peaks of activity, at dawn and dusk. Previously, we reported that unfertilized eggs of Astropecten aranciacus exposed to an actin drug latrunculin A (LAT-A) exhibit similar Ca2+ waves and cortical flashes after 5-10 min time lag.. Lab., Milford22, 15. statement and Astropecten (Fam. 1990;91:5372. J Mar Biol Assoc U K. 2010;90:53746. 2) test did not show significant differences between sexes; the ratio between males and females was almost 1:1 throughout the year in both bathymetrical ranges: nearshore ( Ventura C. Astropecten. Oocytes of Astropecten aranciacus, a common species native to the Mediterranean Sea and the East Atlantic, have long been used as an experimental model to study meiotic maturation, fertilization, intracellular Ca2+ signaling, and cell cycle controls. Sea stars collected from both nearshore and offshore areas had different size compositions (Fig. Press, Cambridge, 513537. Regarding the main hydrological process in the study area, the prevailing currents are controlled by the cyclonic eddy of the western Mediterranean derived from the LiguroProvencal current [34]. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010362, http://eol.org/schema/terms/infauna_feeder, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002104, http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IDOMAL_0002229, http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimDepth. 2=10.186 df=15; p>0.05) and offshore ( Medd Kom Dan Fisk Havunders Plankton. Ed byR. Echinoderm nutrition. Daily activity patterns of Astropecten aranciacus, A. bispinosus and A. jonstoni were investigated by means of SCUBA diving. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,. doi:10.1007/s00227-004-1530-4. The model showed that the total explained variance over the GI in terms of the selected variables was 84.58% (R Accordingly, females with mature gonads (Stage III) were observed from October 2011 to May 2012, and most mature females (>40%) were recorded between February and April. A. Boolootian. =136.75mm, k=0.44year1 and t PubMed Sci Mar. Echinoderm Studies. 3: 225-347. Mar. 2=0.82). Ventura [44] reported that the decrease in growth rate of A. brasiliensis and A. cingulatus coincided with the seasonal upwelling period in Brazil, suggesting that it could be related to sea water temperature decline. The reproductive system of A. aranciacus comprises two separate gonads in each arm (ten gonads in total). 1976;28:30417. A. aranciacus did not show an inverse relationship between gonad index and pyloric caeca index. Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Astropecten Gray (Paxillosida: Astropectinidae) on a global scale: molecular evidence for morphological convergence, species-complexes and possible cryptic speciation. Predatory behaviors of spiny sea star ( Marthasterias glacialis) and red comb star ( Astropecten aranciacus) preying on warty venus clam ( Venus verrucosa) were investigated using specimens from the Aegean Sea. The study was carried out on the continental shelf of the Catalan Sea (northwestern Mediterranean), between the Tordera River delta (northeast) and the mouth of the Tiana seasonal stream (southwest) (Fig. They have sexual reproduction. Institut de Cincies del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Martim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain, Marc Baeta,Eve Galimany&Montserrat Ramn, Universitat Autnoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus de Bellaterra, Edifici B, 08193, Cerdanyola del Valls, Barcelona, Spain, Instituto Espaol de Oceanografa, Centre Oceanogrfic de Balears, Moll de Ponent s/n, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, You can also search for this author in The arms have conspicuous marginal . Microscopic examination of the sections allowed sex determination and assignation of each individual to a gonad maturation state. As the growing stage progressed, testes enlarged and the number of spermatozoa increased from the border of the columns to the central lumen; at the same time the spermatogenic columns became larger as the gonadal wall shrank (Fig. More Info Computer Vision Model Included Single observations indicate, however, that more pronounced ripple marks (on coarse sand) may have an influence. Our findings provide a better understanding of the biology of A. aranciacus in the NW Mediterranean Sea and are also relevant for the future conservation of this sea star, since its populations seem to decrease in some places of the Mediterranean Sea. Resources stored in pyloric cecum seem to play an important role in the seasonal production of gonads in some asteroid species [29]. No recruitment or individuals smaller than 100mm were found in the offshore samples. Berlin: Springer; 2014. p. 14155. There is a vast literature on the genus Astropecten worldwide, mainly focusing on their feeding behavior, diet characteristics [3, 11] and early stages of development [22, 27]. However, investiga- III-Mature Stage Ovaries were densely packed and stacked with fully grown oocytes in the lumen, and the surface epithelium appeared thin. Natural history and method of controlling the starfish. This sea star is a carnivore and feeds on molluscs, which it catches with its arms and then takes to the mouth. Cookies policy. (1840). Google Scholar. doi:10.1007/bf00399585. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema; 1994. p. 37580. Meeresunters.28, 304317. by D. J. Crip. For a good identification by sea photo it is important to take a complete picture of all the subject, a picture of the detail of the marginal plates and to measure as precisely as possible the diameter of the sea star. The majority of the spent ovaries (Stage V) were found between March and July for both 2011 and 2012. The possible causes and consequences of outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish. Most of these prey items were the venerid Timoclea ovata (>55%, abundance in 224 sea stars analyzed), and each sea star stomach contains a mean of 49 T. ovata items of a mean size of 5.77mm (SD=5.52, N=9682) [2]. Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. File : Astropecten aranciacus Naxos08 1775 dett.jpg Grant A, Tyler PA. An analysis of the reproductive pattern in the sea star Astropecten irregularis Pennant from the Bristol Channel. Gonad and pyloric cecum indices are widely used as indicators of reproductive effort and nutritional condition. by D. J. The gonad tissue was dehydrated in graded ethanol, and then infiltrated and embedded with glycol-methacrylate resin. I-Recovery Stage Testes were small and remained contracted; the lumen was almost empty and partially filled with nutritive phagocytes; the gonadal wall was thick; and the two gonadal sacs were visible. Photomicrographs of A. aranciacus testes showing different gonadal stages: a Stage I, Recovery; b, c Stage II, Growing; d Stage III, Mature; e Stage IV, Partly Spawned; f Stage V, Spent. In: Proceedings of the 4th European Symposium on Marine Biology. Int J Invertebr Reprod Dev. Astropecten aranciacus, the red comb star, is a sea star of the family Astropectinidae. Oocytes of Astropecten aranciacus, a common species native to the Mediterranean Sea and the East Atlantic, have long been used as an experimental model to study meiotic maturation, fertilization, intracellular Ca 2+ signaling, and cell cycle controls. By using this website, you agree to our Echinodermata, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/body_symmetry Definition: overall repetitive or reflective pattern in the body of one individual of this taxon. Mean arm length 5f). Jede Minute steckte ein Taucher eine numerierte Steckmarke eine Handbreite hinter dem sich fortbewegenden Seestern in den Sand. The World Asteroidea Database - Astropecten aranciacus (Linnaeus, 1758) Spontaneous tidal and diurnal rhythms of locomotory activity inCarcinus maenas (L.). 4. Part of Notes on the ecology ofAstropecten aranciacus. Biol.43, 181185. Publs Seto Mar. Helgolander Wiss. Ed. The size at first maturity (R50%) was estimated to be R=112mm considering both sexes together. Baeta M. Ecology of some keystone invertebrates inhabiting shallow soft bottom communities of the Maresme coast (NW Mediterranean Sea). Auf diese Weise wurden 23 Seesterne verfolgt. Clark, A. M. (1989). The photoperiod and Chl a did not show any correlation with GI; however, the spawning season coincided with the time period of highest levels of Chl a. Astropecten aranciacus variations in the gonadal index of different gametogenic stages. Astropecten - Wikipedia Helgol Wiss Meeres. Each tow lasted approximately 30min at a speed of 11.2km, and the mean towed area was around 800m2. Genetic structure of the high dispersal Atlanto-Mediterreanean sea star Astropecten aranciacus revealed by mitochondrial DNA sequences and microsatellite loci | SpringerLink Home Marine Biology Article Original Paper Published: 01 March 2009 Bur. PubMedGoogle Scholar, Ferlin-Lubini, V., Ribi, G. Daily activity pattern ofAstropecten aranciacus (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) and two related species under natural conditions. The gonadal wall became thicker, and inner and outer sacs were visible again (Fig. Ontogenetic changes in habitat use and diet of the seastar Heliaster helianthus on the Coast of central Chile. Aquarium Suitability: Article Astropecten - Wikiwand Variations in the growth rate of Asterias rubens (L.) from west and south Brittany (France). Astropecten aranciacus. Growth and reproductive biology of the sea star Astropecten aranciacus (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) on the continental shelf of the Catalan Sea (northwestern Mediterranean) Authors: Marc Baeta. V-Spent Stage Ovaries were filled with amorphous material with relict oocytes, the gonadal wall became thicker, and the two-sac structure was more evident. Young sea stars might prefer shallow areas where food and shelters to avoid predation are usually more abundant [30]. These authors suggested that adults and juveniles may dwell in different parts of the ecological zone occupied by the species, the fully grown specimens invading the deeper waters. Astropecten aranciacus (Linnaeus 1758) inhabits the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern Atlantic from Por-tugal to Angola, including the Canary, Madeira and Cape Verde Islands. Sex ratio was tested using a Chi-square ( 0=0.0017 (N=741; R 5d). This area is called the Maresme coast, and it is a reflective, sandy and straight, wave-dominated plain which displays a NESW trend. Roberto Pillon (2009). Oocytes of Astropecten aranciacus, a common species native to the Mediterranean Sea and the East Atlantic, have long been used as an experimental model to study meiotic maturation, fertilization, intracellular Ca 2+ signaling, and cell cycle controls. Growth rate and differences in growth pattern of immature and mature sea stars. volume24,pages 151156 (1973)Cite this article. Has a temperature range of 50 to 65F (10 - 16C). IV-Partly Spawned Stage Ovaries were poorly packed with fully grown oocytes in the lumen with large empty spaces; previtellogenic oocytes were scarce and not exclusively restricted to the germinal layer. Your US state privacy rights, Gonads and pyloric caeca of the five arms were removed, damp-dried and weighed to 0.001g accuracy. Ebling, F. J., Hawkins, A. D., Kitching, J. The authors also thank Puertos del Estado (Instituto Geogrfico Nacional, Ministerio de Fomento) for the environmental data and Raquel Ubach (Autonomous University of Barcelona) for the help with the map. 6b, c). Springer Nature. A. aranciacus major radius length (R) ranged between 11 and 214mm in nearshore samples, with a mean size of 81.40mm (SD=39.44), whereas R ranged between 47 and 280mm in offshore individuals, with a mean size of 161.33mm (SD=44.47). Usually, these starfish live on the seabed and immerse themselves in soft sediment such . 1985;39:27482. An der Nordkste Sardiniens wurden auf einer Sandflche in 8 m Tiefe Exemplare des SeesternsAstropecten aranciacus einzeln whrend einer 30mintigen Beobachtungsdauer verfolgt. Upload your photos. Sea star length (R) was categorized into 20-mm classes and grouped every 2months to obtain bimonthly length-frequency distributions. Range: Northern Atlantic Ocean: Mediterranean. Mar Biol. 5). They are voracious predators, feeding mainly on gastropods and bivalves. Starfish: biology and ecology of the Asteroidea. IV-Partly Spawned Stage Testes looked similar to those in the mature stage but spermatozoa were poorly packed; there were spaces between patchy concentrations of spermatozoa in the lumen. Astropecten aranciacus length-frequency distributions of individuals collected from November 2009 to October 2012. a Nearshore (530m depth) and b offshore (50150m depth). Monthly values revealed an increase from October 2011 to March 2012, when GI reached its maximum (3.62%). By using this website, you agree to our Astropecten aranciacus has a defined behavioral pattern: it remains buried in the sand during the daytime, emerges just before sunset and looks for prey all night, and buries itself again just a few hours after dawn [37]. The proportion of females with ovaries in Stage II began to increase in June for both study years, and the maximum frequency of occurrence (90%) was recorded in September 2011. Predation and diurnal migration in theParacentrotus community. Each sea star was damp-dried and weighed to the nearest 0.001g. The oral surface was opened by separating the plates along the ambulacral grooves to expose the viscera. reproduction has been analyzed in temperate [11, 15, 18] and in tropical waters [31, 47, 48]. Responses to light ofAsterias rubens. Scale bars 50m. name Asterias aranciaca Linnaeus, 1758 Synonymised names 2009;55:1291. Pac Sci. Astropecten aranciacus: Scientific classification; Kingdom: Animalia: Phylum: Echinodermata: Class: Asteroidea: Order: Paxillosida: Family: Astropectinidae Gray, 1840: Genera see text.