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July 21st 1861 was a beautiful sunny day, the civilians following the Federal army laid out blankets and sat casually on the grass. [14], When word of the loss of Vicksburg reached the garrison at Port Hudson, Maj. Gen. Franklin Gardner, the commander there, knew that further resistance was pointless. Night after night has this comforting assurance been carried us on the wings of lightnings, until people have lost faith in electricity, and pronounce its statements unmitigated falsehoods. It would be followed by a more traditional army, marching behind to secure victories. Answer: Tangmania is the North and Gagoola is the South. The main difference being brutal combat and many casualties on both sides. Many ideas behind the Anaconda Plan were successful, even though the plan itself was never officially adopted. General Winfield Scott's Anaconda Plan was designed to defeat the Confederate States of America (CSA) through economic measures rather than a land war. People quickly realized the entire army was running away, the bystanders were now in the way getting tangled up with the retreating troops. Ask the students predict the continent on which these countries are located. Please read the, This website uses cookies and third party services. [11], Again, the Army under Halleck did not grasp the opportunity that was provided. There were three main parts of the plan, and its goals were to cut off supplies from the South and also cut their defenses into two to weaken them. This strategy, known as the Anaconda Plan, would eliminate the possibility of Confederate help from abroad. The main goals of the Anaconda Plan were to 1) form an Atlantic and Gulf Coast blockade along the Southern ports and 2) take control of/block the Mississippi River region to cut Confederate forces in half, and 3) ambush and surround in hopes of winning the war. First, it was never very effective. He wanted to raise an army of 80,000 men in Ohio (he was the military commander in Ohio at this time) and send them on an overland campaign through Virginia and capture Richmond. The main cause of the war related to Southerners' belief that their way of life, an agriculture/plantation-based system with the use of free slave labor, was threatened by the newly elected President Lincoln. The outline of the troop movement made the shape of a snake. The Anaconda Plan was a multi-step approach for the Union to win the war against the Confederacy. Hand out the "Civil War Military Strategies" of the Union North and the Confederate South. Scott predicted a two-year war when most were preparing for a single, decisive battle. Many blockade runners were from various islands, like the Bahamas and Bermuda. [4] All except Delaware had strong pro-Southern interests. To the extent that fighting in the West before mid-1863 can be regarded as preparing for or culminating in the capture of Vicksburg, the Anaconda has been validated. Scott came up with the Anaconda Plan fairly early on in the war, but Lincoln did not officially adopt his plan because he went with McClellan's plan to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond instead. According to her view, the Anaconda is a later conceptual imposition on events for which order did not exist at the time that they took place. The germ of Scott's Anaconda Plan for suppressing the insurrection is seen in the endorsement. to cripple them economically. Under McClellan and his eventual successor in the West, Maj. Gen. Henry Halleck, the Mississippi became a somewhat neglected theater for operations in the West. All other group members are Lieutenants - Write down the answers to questions. I feel like its a lifeline. Updates? Flag Officer S. F. Du Pont misrepresented the motions of his ships. Ask students to share what they think is each country's chance at winning. Ohio was particularly active in doing so and early acquired the services of George B. McClellan, who was to serve as the commander of its militia, with rank Major General of Volunteers. And when David G. Farragut captured New Orleans, Louisiana, in April 1862, and Ulysses S. Grant claimed Vicksburg, Mississippi, in July 1863, the Mississippi River belonged to the Union, creating logistical chaos for the Confederacy. Insofar as he foresaw direct combat, it was to be more or less confined to the central thrust down the Mississippi River. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Island bands along the coast of South Carolina and Georgia, known as the Sea Islands played an important role in the coastal blockade. Hand to each member of the group their country's description. It was estimated the Confederates received thousands of tons of gunpowder, half a million rifles, and several hundred cannons from British blockade runners. On April 19, 1861, a week after the bombardment of Fort Sumter that marked the outbreak of the war, he announced that the ports of all the seceded states, from South Carolina to Texas, would be blockaded; later, when Virginia and North Carolina also seceded, their coastlines were added. Explore the plan and the American Civil War. The Anaconda Plan of 1861: Early Civil War Strategy - ThoughtCo Scott's health was deteriorating by that November, so he retired from his position, and McClellan also took on his role as the general-in-chief. Gideon Welles, "Admiral Farragut and New Orleans: with an account of the origin and command of the first three naval expeditions of the war,". This simulation gives students the opportunity to plot and plan the military strategies of two imaginary countries: Gagoola and Tangmania. kennesaw mountain national battlefield park. The plan called for a naval blockade of the Confederate littoral, a thrust down the Mississippi, and the strangulation of the South by Union land and naval forces. Throughout the war, more than 3,500 miles of blockades along the Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and lower parts of the Mississippi River were set in place by the Union. Hand out one copy to the half of the class assigned to create military strategy for Gagoola. Also, Northern control of the rivers would separate Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas from the other Confederate states. Corrections? Anaconda Plan | Ohio Civil War In the end, Lincoln approved the Union strike that led to the First Battle of Manassas on July 21. The Anaconda Plan of the American Civil War FROM THE LECTURE SERIES: THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR April 25, 2020 American History, History By Gary Gallagher Ph.D., University of Virginia At the outbreak of the Civil War, experienced war heroes accompanied the Union. Union Navy forces caught over 1,000 runners over the course of the war, and destroyed and/or overtook over 300 of their ships. The plan was successful in helping the overall war effort for the Union, especially the Mississippi River part. As its economy steadily degenerated, it suffered from a general loss of confidence on the part of its citizens. The reasons for the Southern blockade was to cut off the South's supply lines and any aid from other nations, etc. The aforementioned plan, in theory, would yield way less casualties as it was viewed as a more passive way to win the war- instead of troops marching in and killing, burning, etc. The Anaconda Plan was drawn up to end the Civil War in favor of the Union. As previously mentioned, the ideas for the plan were taken from already existent U.S. military plans should there be a domestic rebellion. At least one historian, however, denies that there ever was anything like a coherent strategy for subduing the South. (Do not give the essential question until after the activity). The Anaconda Plan was developed at the beginning of the American Civil War. Rowena Reed[35] contends that the central government in Washington was unable to impose its will on the field commanders, so that the war was a series of independent campaigns, each of which was conducted according to the whims of whatever general happened to be in charge. By 1865, Union forces had run successful blockades throughout most of the Atlantic and Gulf Coast regions, which did affect the South, economically. The board recommendations concerning the Gulf coast were rather rudimentary and largely ignored, but the blockade on the Atlantic coast followed their plan reasonably closely.[18]. It may also be used as a stand-alone introductory lesson in the classroom during Civil War study. The assumption was that the states that allowed enslavement, feeling considerableeconomic punishment if they continued the rebellion, would return to the Union before any major battles would be fought. However, it was transformed into an incursion, and led early in the next year to a full invasion, the so-called Burnside Expedition, which included the capture of Roanoke Island and established the Union Army permanently in eastern North Carolina. [20][c] The Hatteras expedition had been planned as a raid; the plan called for it to be held only long enough to block up Hatteras Inlet. But he recognized how critical it was to train those men, while Washington politicians preferred to fight sooner and closer to home. The Union would have slowly and methodically cut the Confederacy in half by taking the Mississippi river and the rebellion would have withered on the vine from a lack of food and supplies and forced to surrender. People set up picnics, chatted, and had some laughs. Later stages of the Civil War - 1863 (video) | Khan Academy Both parts of the plan could be considered successful as they helped lead to the end of the war, and victory for the Union. "Overview of the Anaconda Plan of 1861." Capture Richmond. A negative view of the plan is that it took the Union a long time to carry out the blockade part, and they had to deal with runners and privateers on the coast. The same decision by the Confederate War Department that led to the abandonment of most of the Atlantic coast except for the major ports applied to the Gulf as well, with the result that only Mobile, New Orleans, and Galveston were defended. Optional: Project this map on a board or overhead during the presentation by the Generals. Retrieved from. B. . Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In a few weeks, as the state militias were incorporated into the national service, the militias of Indiana and Illinois were added to his command. Troops would secure the Mississippi river down to the Gulf of Mexico which would link up with and keep their lines of communication open with the ongoing naval blockade. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Scott's proposal for the blockade was not properly a strategy although it is often referred to as such by historians. Anaconda Plan, Summary, Facts, Significance, APUSH Finally, take the Confederacy capital of Richmond. Union troops spent time taking control of various rivers and once they took New Orleans in April 1862, they gained access/control to both ends of the Mississippi River. They were eagerly anticipating the victory of the Union army which would ultimately lead to the end of the Confederacy. Because the blockade would be rather passive, it was widely derided by a vociferous faction of Union generals who wanted a more vigorous prosecution of the war and likened it to the coils of an anaconda suffocating its victim. Lincoln was also spurred on by supporters in the North who aggressively urged fast action against the states in rebellion. Download Tangmania - Description and Questions. Halleck, with McClellan's approval, believed in turning the enemy's Mississippi River strongholds rather than attacking them directly, so he moved away from the river. The Anaconda Plan was a proposed strategy for defeating the Confederacy during the American Civil War. [5] He proposed an immediate march on Richmond, by now the capital of the Confederacy, directed up the Kanawha River. They will be responsible for creating a winning military strategy for the country they are assigned. The more conventional cargo vessels, and their spacious holds, went elsewhere. ThoughtCo. The South, during the war, was consistently starved for supplies. The naval blockade alone would not have defeated the rebellion, even if the Union also controlled the entire Mississippi river. The press ridiculed Scott's strategy as the "Anaconda Plan," after the snake that kills by constriction, but it had its supporters as the anti-Confederacy envelope illustrates. He was replaced as General-in-Chief by McClellan. The Union blockade began just a few weeks after the start of the Civil War. The South argued in favor of "state's rights" over the issue of slavery. This was a good plan but it was never given the opportunity to be put into action. Scott's concept was to defeat the Confederate States of America (CSA) through economic measures rather than a land war. The port retained its primacy until near the end of the Rebellion, when Fort Fisher, at the mouth of the Cape Fear River, was captured by Union forces in January 1865. Captain - Write down the answers to the country's questions with nice handwriting to turn in to the teacher. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. His problem was convincing fellow Union commanders that this was a good idea. Most historians regard this as merely a modification of the basic strategy in the course of events. I may earn a commission from the companies mentioned in this post via affiliate links to products or services associated with content in this article. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Colonel - Make sure every group member is sharing thoughts, participating, and listening respectfully to others. ThoughtCo, Mar. Following the Confederate defeats at Forts Henry and Donelson in Tennessee and Roanoke Island in North Carolina, the War Department in Richmond decided to concentrate its armies in vital interior areas, removing them from much of the coast. Union troops would capture and hold forts and towns all along the Mississippi. For the historians who contend that a rational plan existed, the debate, like the plan itself, has two parts. This would cut off and isolate the south from the outside world. Furthermore, the defeat of its armies was not the only way that the South lost. The strategy of the Civil War for the Confederacy (the South) was to outlast the political will of the United States (the North) to continue the fighting the war by demonstrating that the war would be long and costly. It was the Unions strategic plan to defeat the Confederacy. This battle became known as the First Battle of Bull Run also known as First Manassas. Most of the trade of ports on the Gulf was with Havana. [b] During the summer of 1861, the board issued a series of reports recommending how best to maintain the blockade, taking into account the topography of the coast, the relative merits of the various southern ports, the opposition likely to be encountered, and the nature of the ships that would be used by both sides. Solomon, I.D., Erhart, G. (1999). The Anaconda Plan was the strategic plan proposed by General Winfield Scott early in the American Civil War. ORN I, v. 12, pp, 195198, 198201, 201206; v. 16, pp. Following the loss of Island No. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. The Anaconda Plan was the initial Civil War strategy devised by General Winfield Scott of the U.S. Army to put down the rebellion by the Confederacy in 1861. By Commander Eric Schuck, U.S. Navy Reserve October 2021 Naval History Magazine Article View Issue Share Comments Just because a plan does not work as intended does not mean it was unsuccessful. Determine whether the Anaconda Plan was successful. The Anaconda Plan as proposed by Scott relied on the blockade, as he stated it, "so as to envelop the insurgent States and bring them to terms with less bloodshed than by any other plan. One aspect of Scott's original plan was for federal troops to secure the Mississippi River. It was important because the strategic plan would have eventually ended the Civil War, ideally with minimal casualties on both sides. 90% confident Tangmania will win. Anaconda Plan Facts for Kids Then, in July 1863, Vicksburg, Mississippi fell to the Union, which meant they had control over the Mississippi River fully, and had successfully cut the Confederacy in two. Winfield Scott was a highly respected and accomplished general by the start of the Civil War, which was why Lincoln trusted him as an adviser. This article was most recently revised and updated by Amy Tikkanen. Anaconda plan, military strategy proposed by Union General Winfield Scott early in the American Civil War. Anaconda Plan - Wikipedia Proposed by General-in-Chief Winfield Scott, the plan emphasized the blockade of the Southern ports, and called for an advance down the Mississippi River to cut the South in two. Civil War-Anaconda Plan Flashcards | Quizlet The blockade of Charleston merged into the campaign against the city waged by both the Army and the Navy, not completed until the last days of the war. 2020 Virginia Humanities, All Rights Reserved . McNamara, Robert. On March 7, 1855, Congress passed a joint resolution temporarily reviving the rank of lieutenant general to be "filled by brevet, and brevet only." The cry of the day was On to Richmond and not On to Natchez. The Democratic Chicago Tribune, on July 15, 1861, sang a typically impatient refrain under the headline, The Torpid Anaconda: We are told that the plan is bold, vigorous and comprehensive, and cannot fail in its noble results to give great joy to the hearts of patriots, and spread consternation among the rebel host. The blockade was not only to capture the ships that attempted to evade it but also to discourage others. [34] In July 1862, U.S. Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles, wrote a letter to the commanders of both Gulf blockading squadrons that they would need to start recruiting freed blacks in order to keep up with labor demands. While all this was going on, the local defenders were not passive. Abraham Lincoln announced it on April 19, 1861. Union forces were in agreement that efforts to cut off supplies from the Confederacy were an important goal, as well as securing the Mississippi River regions to cut their forces in half and leave them at a disadvantage. After the middle of July 1863, when Charleston was largely sealed off, most of the trade between the Confederacy and northern Europe was conducted through Wilmington. Guide the students to the conclusion that even though the teams are known, the specific strategies used by each team, how those teams play that day, and how effective the strategies are against each other are unknown. The Anaconda Plan was developed at the beginning of the American Civil War. These ideas were rejected by General Scott in favor of the Anaconda Plan. Only a few major ports would be defended. Those who deny the importance of the blockade advance two principal arguments. Anaconda Plan. This included the burning of Atlanta Georgia in 1864. Union General George Brinton McClellan did not agree that the Anaconda Plan was the key for winning the war; instead, he thought that the Union should keep their sights on taking the Confederate capital of Richmond, VA. Lincoln ordered McDowell to send troops to Richmond instead, as mounting pressure grew to take their capital. Blockades began to be put in place by Union forces in 1861, but the effort proved to be a difficult and long task. Find Study Materials . *Ask the students, "During the March Madness Basketball Tournament, why is it so hard to make a perfect bracket? This aggressive and optimistic plan was actually carried out. 'Scott's Great Snake': a Plan to Strangle the Confederacy Of course, Scott did call for a massive attack on the Confederacy, with anywhere from 60,000 to 80,000 men in the Mississippi River Valley. In addition, they had also earned control of both sides of the Mississippi River, effectively cutting the Confederacy in two, earlier in the war. 618630, 651655, 680681. Missouri was torn by internal conflict that mimicked in miniature the larger war that was convulsing the nation, Maryland was kept in the Union by jailing many of the opposition faction, and Kentucky tried to keep the peace by proclaiming its neutrality by aiding neither the North nor the South if both would agree to leave the state alone. Scott came up with the plan in early 1861, intending it as a way to end the rebellion predominantly through economic measures. Anaconda Plan | Military Wiki | Fandom The string of easy conquests came to an end at Vicksburg, Mississippi, however, as the Confederate position there occupied bluffs high enough to render them impregnable to the naval gunnery of the day. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Was there a way that the south could have won the American Civil War? The Anaconda Plan, although never officially put into effect, was implemented in parts in a multi-pronged effort. General Scott retired at the end of 1861 and his subordinate General George McClellan took over command of the Union army. Ask students to compare the strategies they just came up with to the strategies of the real military commanders of the Civil War. Proposed by General-in-Chief Winfield Scott, the plan emphasized the blockade of the Southern ports, and called for an advance down the Mississippi River to cut the South in two. Scott's Great Snake - Census.gov Aged and infirm, he had to retire before the end of the year. Horace Greeley, the influential editor of the New-York Tribune, advocated a policy summed up as "On to Richmond." Creator of the Anaconda Plan General Winfield Scott during the Civil War. https://www.thoughtco.com/anaconda-plan-definition-1773298 (accessed July 17, 2023). Along with the naval blockade the Confederacy would be completely surrounded and cut off. [12] The Army did not attempt to take Vicksburg until November, and then the Army was under the leadership of Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, after Halleck had been called to Washington to replace McClellan as General-in-Chief. An invasion as proposed would alienate many of them and subject both enemies and friends to the ravages of war. Proposed by Union General-in-Chief Winfield Scott, the plan emphasized a Union blockade of the Southern ports and called for an advance down the Mississippi River to cut the South in two. He assumed that the military only needed to create the right circumstances for Unionism to reemerge in the South. General Scotts Anaconda Plan was a very passive way of defeating the Confederacy. This inevitably resulted in their defeat and the crushing of the rebellion. The Anaconda had a logical development, both in its origin and the way it played out in the experience of battle. The Union continued to blockade the South throughout the Civil War until the war ended in 1865. History 106: The Civil War and Reconstruction, General McClellan, the Army of Potomac & the Peninsula Campaign, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, The Anaconda Plan: Long-Term Significance, President Lincoln's Cabinet: Members & Dynamics, President Davis' Cabinet: Members & Dynamics, Comparing the Union and Confederate Armies: Policies & Members, The Blockade and Blockade Runners During the Civil War: Definition & Purpose, The Battle of Hampton Roads: Summary, Causes & Consequences, The Battle of Shiloh: Conflict, Outcome & Generals Involved, The Fight for the Mississippi River in 1862: Summary & History, The Second Battle of Bull Run: Summary & Facts, The Battle of Antietam: Conflict, Outcome & Significance, The Battle of Fredericksburg: Summary, Timeline & Significance, The Emancipation Proclamation: Creation, Context and Legacy, Primary Source: The Emancipation Proclamation, The Civil War West of the Mississippi River: Summary & Major Events, Britain and France Respond to the American Civil War, SAT Subject Test World History: Practice and Study Guide, High School World History: Help and Review, AP European History: Homework Help Resource, High School World History: Tutoring Solution, NY Regents Exam - Global History and Geography: Test Prep & Practice, GED Social Studies: Civics & Government, US History, Economics, Geography & World, Comparing Union & Confederate Civil War Strategies, The Anaconda Plan in the Civil War Lesson for Kids, Identifying Cause & Effect in Historical Documents, Analyzing Major Changes to American Society: Essay Prompts, Analyzing Defining Moments of American Presidents: Essay Prompts, Analyzing & Examining the Causes of War in Western Civilization: Essay Prompts, Comparing and Contrasting Political Ideologies & Movements: Essay Prompts, Who Was Nelson Mandela? While the Union navy did set up a blockade at the start of the rebellion, it was not strong enough at the beginning of the war to adequately blockade the entire south. After New Orleans fell to the Union fleet under Farragut on April 29, 1862, Mobile was the only serious problem for the blockade. 3. [37], However, the blockade was less successful in preventing arms and money from being smuggled into Southern ports by blockade runners consisting of lightweight shallow draft steamships built in and operating from British shipyards, mostly in Liverpool[38] and Glasgow. The Anaconda Plan was the Union's strategic plan to defeat the Confederacy at the start of the . The importance of the campaign to capture the Mississippi River and thereby lop off the Trans-Mississippi is acknowledged. It may also be used as a stand-alone introductory lesson in the classroom during Civil War study. The Anaconda Plan was the brainchild of Union . McNamara, Robert. Anaconda Plan: Significance Timeline StudySmarter Original The Anaconda Plan Civil War They would cut off the Confederates' use of the river for supplies and transport, and also cut their fighting force into two. The Anaconda Plan was the nickname attached to Lieutenant General Winfield Scotts comprehensive plan to defeat the Confederacy at the start of the American Civil War (18611865). A second letter, dated May 21, was his final outline of the plan. *Then, explain to students that today they will be promoted to the position of military strategiest in one of those countries. This general strategy contributed greatly to the eventual Northern victory. The same argument could be applied to Kentucky. The Anaconda Plan was a battle strategy created by the Union in the early stages on the Civil War in the hopes of defeating the Confederacy. The Florida Historical Quarterly, 77(3), pp. Over the course of the war, more than three quarters of all attempts to evade the blockade were successful.